All peoples engage in activities that we would call music, often in relation to play, and everywhere in relation to ritual. While there is no inter-culturally valid definition of music, and the cover term music is found in only selected cultures, a number of presumptive universals indicate that musicality is a prominent and distinctive characteristic of humankind. Music is universal, transmitted through generations, usually performed in the presence of others, and of extreme antiquity. Universals and contrasts in musical systems The commonalities and differences in musical forms and functions across cultures suggest new directions for ethnomusicology, music cognition and neuroscience, and a pivot away from the predominant scientific focus on instrumental music in the Western European tradition.ฤก. Synchronous arousal, action synchrony and imitative behaviours are among the means by which music facilitates social bonding. The focus is on scholarly and everyday ideas about music-what it is and where it originates-as well the antiquity of music and the contribution of musical behaviour to ritual activity, social organization, caregiving and group cohesion. This review presents a sampling of musical forms and coordinated musical activity across cultures, with the aim of highlighting key similarities and differences. Although laboratory studies of isolated listeners and music-makers have yielded important insights into sensorimotor and cognitive skills and their neural underpinnings, they have revealed little about the broader significance of music for individuals, peer groups and communities. With the additional costs and with refund demands running high, it was impossible for the show to recoup its costs.Musical behaviours are universal across human populations and, at the same time, highly diverse in their structures, roles and cultural interpretations. Additionally, the original costumes were replaced. During out-of-town tryouts, Gower Champion was called in to help with the staging (but took no directorial credit). But the production was doomed from the start, with its star in erratic behavior and frequently-missed performances, more than 10% of the entire run. With an all-time ticket-price high of $25 for Saturday night orchestra seats, The Act had $2 million in advance sales,then the highest in Broadway history. Theatrical though it is as a performance, it is indifferent musical theater." Another New York Times writer noted that "If there's a point 'The Act' underscores most, it's that Miss Minnelli on Broadway has incomparable star power." On the other hand, it is a little less than its pretensions imply. The New York Times reviewer wrote that "'The Act' is precisely what its name implies: It is an act, and a splendid one. Directed by Martin Scorsese, choreographed by Ron Lewis, with costumes by Halston, the cast included Barry Nelson and Wayne Cilento. The musical opened on Broadway on Octoat the Majestic Theatre, where it ran for 233 performances and six previews. The Act played out-of-town tryouts for fifteen weeks in Chicago, San Francisco, and Los Angeles. The musical premiered on Broadway in 1977. It was written to showcase the talents of Kander and Ebb favorite Liza Minnelli, who portrayed Michelle Craig, a fading film star attempting a comeback as a Las Vegas singer. The Act is a musical with a book by George Furth, lyrics by Fred Ebb, and music by John Kander.
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